As interest in nature-based learning grows, many families are asking if outdoor or nature-based preschools are a good fit for their child. These programs, sometimes called forest kindergartens, take much of the daily learning outdoors, regardless of weather, and integrate nature into every part of the curriculum. Research in early childhood education consistently shows that regular, unstructured time in natural settings supports physical health, social-emotional growth, and cognitive development, especially in the areas of problem-solving, creativity, and resilience.
What makes a nature-based preschool different?
Unlike traditional preschools that may have a playground or occasional nature walks, nature-based preschools intentionally use the outdoors as the primary learning environment. This does not mean children are outside all day without guidance. Skilled teachers design activities that blend play, exploration, and direct instruction around natural materials and seasonal changes.
Key features often include:
- Daily, extended outdoor time: Children spend most of the session outside, in all but the most extreme weather.
- Child-led exploration: Teachers follow children's interests, whether that is puddles, insects, leaves, or mud.
- Risky play with boundaries: Climbing, balancing, and using tools are common but supervised to build confidence and motor skills.
- Minimal use of plastic toys: Learning materials are drawn from nature: sticks, stones, sand, water, and plants.
- Weather-appropriate clothing: Families are asked to send waterproof gear, layers, and sturdy boots so children are comfortable.
What does the research say?
Studies from the University of North Florida and the University of Colorado found that children in nature-based preschools demonstrate stronger immune systems, better balance, and improved attention spans compared to peers in indoor-only settings.1 Additionally, these children often show enhanced cooperation and emotional regulation, likely because outdoor play encourages negotiation, spontaneous problem-solving, and collaborative play.
One 2019 report from the North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) highlighted that nature preschool graduates meet or exceed kindergarten readiness benchmarks in language, math, and social-emotional skills.2 So while the classroom is different, the foundational skills are still addressed through hands-on experiences.
What to look for when considering a nature-based preschool
When evaluating outdoor preschools, parents should ask specific questions to ensure the program is safe, developmentally appropriate, and well-run.
- Teacher training and ratio: Look for teachers experienced in early childhood education and comfortable outdoors. Lower ratios (such as 1:6 or 1:8) are common.
- Weather policies: Understand what "all weather" means. A good program will have clear guidelines for extreme cold, heat, or storms, and will include indoor shelter as a backup.
- Curriculum focus: Ask how teachers integrate literacy, math, and science. For example, counting leaves, measuring puddles, and telling stories about animals are common.
- Safety protocols: Confirm that staff are trained in outdoor first aid, have clear emergency plans, and that the outdoor space is fenced or well-supervised.
- Inclusion practices: Nature preschools should be able to accommodate children with different needs, including physical or sensory sensitivities, with appropriate modifications.
Is a nature-based preschool right for your child?
Every child is different. Some children thrive in the open air and need the movement and sensory input that nature provides. Others may feel overwhelmed by constant outdoor exposure or have allergies or other health concerns. It is always best to visit the school, observe a session, and talk with the director about your child's temperament and needs. Pediatricians and early childhood specialists can also offer guidance.
For families who cannot enroll in a full nature-based program, many traditional preschools now incorporate outdoor classroom time, gardening, or weekly nature walks. Even these smaller steps can bring the benefits of nature into your child's early learning experience.
1 See studies from the University of North Florida, 2015, and the University of Colorado Boulder, 2018, on outdoor play benefits.
2 North American Association for Environmental Education, "Nature Preschools and Forest Kindergartens: 2019 Report," available at NAAEE.org.